Terminology used for Metal Casting:-

Certainly! Metal casting involves a range of specialized processes and terminology. Here’s an organized list of key terms commonly used in metal casting:

• Basic Terms:

1. Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal, melted together to achieve desired properties.

2. Casting: The process of pouring molten metal into a mold to create a desired shape.

3. Mold: A hollow form that shapes the molten metal as it solidifies. Molds can be made from various materials, such as sand, metal, or ceramic.

4. Pattern: A replica of the final product used to create the mold cavity. Patterns are typically made from materials like wax, wood, or plastic.

Basic terms of Metal casting

• Components of the Mold:

5. Core: A component placed inside the mold to form internal cavities or hollow sections in the casting.

6. Sprue: The channel through which molten metal is poured into the mold cavity.

7. Gate: The entry point through which the molten metal flows from the sprue into the mold cavity.

8. Riser: A reservoir of molten metal that compensates for shrinkage as the casting solidifies.

9. Runner: The channel that directs the molten metal from the sprue to the gate or gates.

Component of Sand mould casting

• Casting Processes:

10. Investment Casting: A process where a pattern is covered with a ceramic shell, which is then heated to remove the pattern and harden the shell before pouring in molten metal.

11. Sand Casting: A process where sand is used to form the mold cavity. It is a versatile and commonly used method for a wide range of metal casting applications.

12. Die Casting: A process where molten metal is injected into a metal mold (die) under high pressure, often used for high-volume production.

13. Lost-Wax Casting: Similar to investment casting, where a wax pattern is covered with a ceramic material, which is then heated to remove the wax and create a mold for pouring the metal.

14. Shell Molding: A process where a ceramic shell is used to create a mold, often for smaller and more intricate parts, similar to investment casting.

• Casting Defects:

15. Flash: Excess metal that escapes from the mold cavity and forms a thin ridge or layer on the casting.

Flash

16. Porosity: Air bubbles or voids within the casting that can affect its strength and appearance.

Porosity

17. Shrinkage: The reduction in volume that occurs as the molten metal cools and solidifies, which can lead to defects if not properly accounted for with risers and feeders.

Shrinkage

18. Cold Shut: A defect where two streams of molten metal fail to fuse properly, resulting in a weak spot.

Cold shut

• Processes and Techniques:

19. Venting: The process of providing channels or passages for gases to escape from the mold cavity during the casting process to avoid defects.

20. Pattern Removal: The process of removing the pattern from the mold after the metal has been poured and solidified.

• Other Terms:

21. Solidification: The process of the molten metal cooling and transforming from a liquid to a solid state.

22. Dewaxing: In investment casting, the process of removing the wax pattern from the ceramic shell before pouring in the molten metal.

23. Heat Treatment: A post-casting process involving heating and cooling of the casting to achieve desired mechanical properties.

Cooling curve graph